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Provinces and territories of Canada From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search 'O Canada we stand on guard for thee' Stained Glass, Yeo Hall, Royal Military College of Canada features arms of the Canadian provinces (1965)
The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the world's second-largest country by area. There are ten provinces and three territories. The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces are jurisdictions that receive their power and authority directly from the Constitution Act, 1867, whereas territories derive their mandates and powers from the federal government. In modern Canadian constitutional theory, the provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions, and each province has its own "Crown" represented by the lieutenant-governor, whereas the territories are not sovereign, but simply parts of the federal realm, and have a commissioner.
The ten provinces are Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan. The three territories are Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon.
Contents 1 Location of provinces and territories
2 Provinces 2.1 Provincial capitals 3 Territories 3.1 Territorial capitals 4 History
5 Government
6 Provincial parties
7 Other
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links [edit] Location of provinces and territories
A clickable map of Canada exhibiting its ten provinces and three territories, and their capitals.
[edit] Provinces Provinces of Canada Flag
Shield
Province
Postal
abbreviation
Capital
Largest city
(by population)
Entered Confederation
Population
(May?2011)[1]
Area: land (km2)
Area: water (km2)
Area: total (km2)
Official language(s)
Federal Parliament: Commons seats
Federal Parliament: Senate seats Ontario
ON
Toronto
Toronto
01867-07-01July 1, 1867
12,851,821
917,741
158,654
1,076,395
EnglishA
106
24 Quebec
QC
Quebec City
Montreal
01867-07-01July 1, 1867
7,903,001
1,356,128
185,928
1,542,056
FrenchB
75
24 Nova Scotia
NS
Halifax
HalifaxC
01867-07-01July 1, 1867
921,727
53,338
1,946
55,284
EnglishD
11
10 New Brunswick
NB
Fredericton
Saint John
01867-07-01July 1, 1867
751,171
71,450
1,458
72,908
EnglishE
FrenchE
10
10 Manitoba
MB
Winnipeg
Winnipeg
01870-07-15July 15, 1870
1,208,268
553,556
94,241
647,797
EnglishA, F
14
6 British Columbia
BC
Victoria
Vancouver
01871-07-20July 20, 1871
4,400,057
925,186
19,549
944,735
EnglishA
36
6 Prince Edward Island
PE
Charlottetown
Charlottetown
01873-07-01July 1, 1873
140,204
5,660
0
5,660
EnglishA
4
4 Saskatchewan
SK
Regina
Saskatoon
01905-09-01September 1, 1905
1,033,381
591,670
59,366
651,036
EnglishA
14
6 Alberta
AB
Edmonton
Calgary
01905-09-01September 1, 1905
3,645,257
642,317
19,531
661,848
EnglishA
28
6 Newfoundland and Labrador
NL
St. John's
St. John's
01949-03-31March 31, 1949
514,536
373,872
31,340
405,212
EnglishA
7
6
Notes:
A.^ De facto; French has limited constitutional status
B.^ Charter of the French Language; English has limited constitutional status
C.^ Nova Scotia dissolved cities in 1996, in favour of regional municipalities
D.^ Nova Scotia has a very few bilingual statutes (three in English and French; one in English and Polish); some Government bodies have legislated names in both English and French
E.^ Section Sixteen of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
F.^ Manitoba Act
Prior to Confederation, Ontario and Quebec formed the Province of Canada.
British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island were separate colonies before joining Canada.
Manitoba was created simultaneously with the Northwest Territories.
Saskatchewan and Alberta were created out of land that had been part of the Northwest Territories.
Newfoundland was an independent Dominion within the British Commonwealth prior to joining Polo Ralph Lauren Canada. British legislation transferred Labrador from Lower Canada to Newfoundland in 1809, but the location of the Labrador boundary was disputed until 1927. The official name of the province changed from Newfoundland to Newfoundland and Labrador by constitutional amendment on December 6, 2001.
With the exception of Fredericton, the provincial capitals are all either the largest or second-largest cities chaussure ralph lauren in their respective provinces (Fredericton is the third largest city in New Brunswick after Moncton and Saint John).
[edit] Provincial capitals
Legislative Assembly of Alberta
Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
Legislative Assembly of Manitoba
Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
Nova Scotia House polo ralph lauren pas cher of Assembly
Legislative Assembly of Ontario
Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island
National Assembly of Quebec
Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan
[edit] Territories
There are currently three territories in Canada. Unlike the provinces, the territories of Canada have no inherent jurisdiction and have only those powers delegated to them by the federal government.[2][3][4] They include all of mainland Canada north of latitude 60¡ã north and west of Hudson Bay, as well as all islands north of the Canadian mainland (from those in James Bay to the Canadian Arctic islands). The following table lists the territories in order of precedence (each province has precedence over all the territories, regardless of the date each territory was created).
Territories of Canada Flag
Arms
Territory
Postal
abbreviation
Capital and largest city
Entered Confederation
Population
(May?2011)
Area: land (km2)
Area: water (km2)
Area: total (km2)
Official language(s)
Federal Parliament: Commons seats
Federal Parliament: Senate seats Northwest Territories
NT
Yellowknife
01870-07-15July 15, 1870
41,462
1,183,085
163,021
1,346,106
Chipewyan, Cree, English, French, Gwich¡¯in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey, T??ch?[5]
1
1 Yukon
YT
Whitehorse
01898-06-13June 13, 1898
33,897
474,391
8,052
482,443
English
French
1
1 Nunavut
NU
Iqaluit
01999-04-01April 1, 1999
31,906
1,936,113
157,077
2,093,190
Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut,
English, French
1
1
Note: Nunavut and Yukon were both formed from former portions of the Northwest Territories.
[edit] Territorial capitals
Yukon Legislative Assembly
Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories
Legislative Assembly of Nunavut
[edit] History
Main articles: History of Canada and Territorial evolution of Canada
See also: Former colonies and territories in Canada CANADA TIMELINE: Evolution of the borders and the names of Canada's Provinces and Territories 1905 Provinces and territories of Canada coat of arms postcard
Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia are the original provinces, formed when British North American colonies federated on July 1, 1867, into the Dominion of Canada and by stages began accruing the indicia of sovereignty from the United Kingdom. Ontario and Quebec were united before Confederation as the Province of Canada. Over the following six years, Manitoba, British Columbia, and Prince Edward Island were added as provinces.
The Hudson's Bay Company maintained control of large swathes of western Canada until 1870, when it turned over the land to the Government of Canada, forming part of the Northwest Territories. Manitoba and the Northwest Territories were created in 1870 from Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory. At the time, the land comprising the Northwest Territories was all of current northern and western Canada, including the northern two thirds of Ontario and Quebec, with exception of the Arctic Islands, British Columbia and a small portion of southern Manitoba. On September 1, 1905, a portion of the Northwest Territories south of the 60¡ã parallel became the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. In 1912, the boundaries of Quebec, Ontario and Manitoba were expanded northward: Manitoba's to the 60¡ã parallel, Ontario's to Hudson Bay and Quebec's to encompass the District of Ungava.[6]
In 1869, the people of Newfoundland voted to remain a British colony over concerns that central Canada would dominate taxation and economic policy. In 1907, Newfoundland acquired dominion status. In 1933, facing national bankruptcy, the legislature turned over political control to the Commission of Government. Following World War II, in a 1948 referendum, a narrow majority of Newfoundland citizens voted to join Confederation and, on March 31, 1949, Newfoundland became Canada's tenth and final province. In 2001 it was officially renamed Newfoundland and Labrador.
In 1903, the Alaska Panhandle Dispute fixed British Columbia's northwestern boundary. This was one of only two provinces in Canadian history to have its size reduced. The second, in 1927, Polo Ralph Lauren Homme occurred when a boundary dispute between Canada and the Dominion of Newfoundland saw Labrador increased at Quebec's expense.
In 1999, Nunavut was created from the eastern portion of the Northwest Territories. Yukon lies in the western portion of The North, while Nunavut is in the east.
All three territories combined are the most sparsely populated region in Canada with about 100,000 people spread across a huge area. They are often referred to as a single region, The North, for organisational purposes. The District of Keewatin was created as a separate territory from 1876 to 1905, after which, as the Keewatin Region, it became an administration district of the Northwest Territories. In 1999, it was dissolved when it became part of Nunavut.
In late 2004, Prime Minister Paul Martin surprised some observers by expressing his personal support for all three territories gaining provincial status "eventually". He cited their importance to the country as a whole and the ongoing need to assert sovereignty in the Arctic, particularly as global warming could make that region more open to exploitation.[7]
[edit] Government
Main article: Canadian federalism
See also: Monarchy in the Canadian provinces?and Office-holders of Canada
Theoretically, provinces have a great deal of power relative to the federal government, with jurisdiction over many public goods such as health care, education, welfare, and intra-provincial transportation. They receive "transfer payments" from the federal government to pay for these, as well as exacting their own taxes. In practice, however, the federal government can use these transfer payments to influence these provincial areas. For instance in order to receive healthcare funding under medicare, provinces must agree to meet certain federal mandates, such as universal access to required medical treatment.
Provincial and territorial legislatures have no second chamber like the Canadian Senate. Originally, most provinces did have such bodies, known as legislative councils, but these were subsequently abolished, Quebec's being the last in 1968. In most provinces, the single house of the legislature is known as the Legislative Assembly except in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador, where it is called the House of Assembly, and Quebec where it is generally called the National Assembly. Ontario has a Legislative Assembly but its members are called Members of the Provincial Parliament or MPPs. The legislative assemblies use a procedure similar to that of the Canadian House of Commons. The head of government of each province, called the premier, is generally the head of the party with the most seats. This is also the case in Yukon, but the Northwest Territories and Nunavut have no political parties at the territorial level. The Queen's representative to each province is the Lieutenant Governor. In each of the territories there is an analogous Commissioner, but he or she represents the federal government and not the monarch per se.
Federal, Provincial, and Territorial terminology compared Canada
Governor General
Prime Minister
Parliament
Parliamentarian Senate
House of Commons
Senator
Member of Parliament Ontario
Lieutenant-Governor
Premier
n/a*
Legislative Assembly
n/a
Member of short ralph lauren the Provincial Parliament (MPP) Quebec
National Assembly
Member of the National Assembly (MNA) Newfoundland
and Labrador
House of Assembly
Member of the House of Assembly (MHA) Nova Scotia
Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) Other provinces
Legislative Assembly Territories
Commissioner *Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Manitoba, Newfoundland, and Prince Edward Island historically had Legislative Councils, analogous to the federal Senate.
Each of the territories elects one Member of Parliament. Canadian territories are each entitled to elect one full voting representative to the Canadian House of Commons. With the sole exception of Prince Edward Island having slightly greater per capita representation than the Northwest Territories, every territory has considerably greater per capita representation in the Commons than every other province. Residents of the Canadian territories are full citizens and enjoy the same rights as all other Canadians. Each territory also has one Senator.
[edit] Provincial parties
Most provinces have provincial counterparts to the three national federal parties. However, some provincial parties are not formally linked to the federal parties that share the same name. The New Democratic Party is the only party that has integrated Ralph Lauren Pas cher membership between the provincial and federal wings. Some provinces have regional political parties, such as the Saskatchewan Party.
The provincial political climate of Quebec is quite different: the main split is between sovereignty, represented by the Parti Qu¨¦b¨¦cois, and federalism, represented primarily by the Quebec Liberal Party. From March 2007 to December 2008, the Official Opposition was the Action d¨¦mocratique du Qu¨¦bec, which advocates what it calls "autonomy", a middle-of-the-road option supporting localized power in the federal structure. They have no corresponding federal party, but polls show their base to align with the federal Conservative Party of Canada.
The provincial Progressive Conservative parties are also now separate from the federal Conservative Party, which resulted from a merger between the Progressive Conservatives and the Canadian Alliance. In British Columbia, the Liberal Party separated from the federal Liberal Party and is now an independent entity.
Current provincial/territorial governments (2012) Province
Lieutenant-governor/
commissioner
Premier
Party in government
Majority/Minority Ontario
David Onley
Dalton McGuinty
Ontario Liberal Party
Minority Quebec
Pierre Duchesne
Jean Charest
Quebec Liberal Party
Majority Nova Scotia
John James Grant
Darrell Dexter
Nova Scotia New Democratic Party
Majority New Brunswick
Graydon Nicholas
David Alward
New Brunswick Progressive Conservative Party
Majority Manitoba
Philip S. Lee
Greg Selinger
New Democratic Party of Manitoba
Majority British Columbia
Steven Point
Christy Clark
British Columbia Liberal Party
Majority Prince Edward Island
Frank Lewis
Robert Ghiz
Prince Edward Island Liberal Party
Majority Saskatchewan
Vaughn Solomon Schofield
Brad Wall
Saskatchewan Party
Majority Alberta
Donald Ethell
Alison Redford
Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta
Majority Newfoundland & Labrador
John Crosbie
Kathy Dunderdale
Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador
Majority Northwest Territories
George Tuccaro
Bob McLeod
Consensus government
None Yukon
Doug Phillips
Darrell Pasloski
Yukon Party
Majority Nunavut
Edna Elias
Eva Aariak
Consensus government
None [edit] Other
The Canadian National Vimy Memorial, near Vimy, Pas-de-Calais d¨¦partement, France, is ceremonially considered Canadian territory. In 1922 the French government donated "freely, and for all time, to the Government of Canada the free use of the land exempt from all taxes".[8] However, it does not enjoy extraterritorial status and is thus subject to French law.
In the past, there has Ralph Lauren been interest in both Canada and the Turks and Caicos Islands, an overseas UK territory in the Caribbean, for the latter to enter Confederation in some capacity. While no official negotiations are underway, the two have a long-standing relationship and politicians on both sides have actively explored the circumstances under which a political union could be achieved.[9]
[edit] See also Canada portal Ontario portal Quebec portal Nova Scotia portal New Brunswick portal Manitoba portal British Columbia portal Prince Edward Island portal Saskatchewan portal Alberta portal Newfoundland and Labrador portal Northwest Territories portal Yukon portal Nunavut portal Canadian provincial name etymologies
List of areas disputed by Canada and the United States
List polo ralph lauren of Canada-related topics by provinces and territories
List of Canadian provinces and territories by gross domestic product
List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names#Canadian provinces and territories
Northwest Passage international waters dispute
Proposed provinces and territories of Canada
Territorial claims in the Arctic Book: Canada Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.
[edit] References ^ "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, 2011 and 2006 censuses". Statcan.gc.ca. 2012-02-08. http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensem ... 1&S=50&O=A. Retrieved 2012-02-08.?
^ Department of Justice Canada (1985). "Northwest Territories Act". http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/N-27/252179.html. Retrieved 2007-01-27.?
^ Department of Justice Canada (2002). "Yukon Act". http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/Y-2.01/265655.html. Retrieved 2007-01-27.?
^ Department of Justice Canada (1993). "Nunavut Act". http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/N-28.6/index.html. Retrieved 2007-01-27.?
^ Northwest Territories Official Languages Act, 1988 (as amended 1988, 1991-1992, 2003)
^ Atlas of Canada. "Territorial evolution". http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/m ... ion/1912/1. Retrieved 2007-01-27.?
^ CBC News (November 23, 2004). "Northern territories 'eventually' to be given provincial status". http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2004/11/ ... 41122.html. Retrieved 2007-01-27.?
^ "Design and Construction of the Vimy Ridge Memorial". Veteran Affairs Canada. August 8, 1998. http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub. ... memory#one. Retrieved 2007-07-20.?
^ CBC News. "Canada's Caribbean ambition". http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/turksandcaicos/. Retrieved 2007-01-27.? [edit] Further reading
Main article: Bibliography of Canadian provinces and territories Christopher Moore; Bill Slavin; Janet Lunn (2002). The Big Book of Canada: Exploring the Provinces and Territories. Random House Digital, Inc. ISBN?978-0-88776-457-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=0Dmi_sb_ufgC&pg=PA1.?
Statistics Canada (October 27, 2010). Canada Year Book. Ottawa: Federal Publications (Queen of Canada). Catalogue no 11-402-XPE. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/11-402-x/1 ... 0-eng.htm.? [edit] External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Provinces and territories of Canada Provinces and Territories - Government of Canada
Going to Canada: Canada's provinces and territories - Government of Canada
Canadian Governments Compared v
t
e Politics of the provinces and territories of Canada This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Canada ?
Executive (The Crown) Sovereign in the provinces BC
AB
SK
MB
ON
QC
NB
NS
PEI
NL Lieutenant Governors BC
AB
SK
MB
ON
QC
NB
NS
PEI
NL
NT Commissioners YT
NT
NU Premiers BC
AB
SK
MB
ON
QC
NB
NS
PEI
NL
YU
NT
NU ?
Legislative Legislatures BC
AB
SK
MB
ON
QC
NB
NS
PEI
NL
YU
NT
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NB
NS
PEI
NL
YU
NT
NU Politics of Canada
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Newfoundland and Labrador
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Ontario
Prince Edward Island
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Saskatchewan Territories Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Yukon Historical Former colonies and territories in Canada
Territorial evolution of Canada after 1867
Proposed provinces and territories of Canada Related Bibliography
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United States Table of administrative country subdivisions by country Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada&oldid=502561005" Categories: Provinces and territories of CanadaSubdivisions of CanadaLists of provinces and territories of CanadaCountry subdivisions of the AmericasFirst-level administrative country subdivisionsHidden categories: Use mdy dates from July 2011 Personal tools Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history Actions Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact Wikipedia Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link
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The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the world's second-largest country by area. There are ten provinces and three territories. The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces are jurisdictions that receive their power and authority directly from the Constitution Act, 1867, whereas territories derive their mandates and powers from the federal government. In modern Canadian constitutional theory, the provinces are considered to be co-sovereign divisions, and each province has its own "Crown" represented by the lieutenant-governor, whereas the territories are not sovereign, but simply parts of the federal realm, and have a commissioner.
The ten provinces are Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan. The three territories are Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon.
Contents 1 Location of provinces and territories
2 Provinces 2.1 Provincial capitals 3 Territories 3.1 Territorial capitals 4 History
5 Government
6 Provincial parties
7 Other
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links [edit] Location of provinces and territories
A clickable map of Canada exhibiting its ten provinces and three territories, and their capitals.
[edit] Provinces Provinces of Canada Flag
Shield
Province
Postal
abbreviation
Capital
Largest city
(by population)
Entered Confederation
Population
(May?2011)[1]
Area: land (km2)
Area: water (km2)
Area: total (km2)
Official language(s)
Federal Parliament: Commons seats
Federal Parliament: Senate seats Ontario
ON
Toronto
Toronto
01867-07-01July 1, 1867
12,851,821
917,741
158,654
1,076,395
EnglishA
106
24 Quebec
QC
Quebec City
Montreal
01867-07-01July 1, 1867
7,903,001
1,356,128
185,928
1,542,056
FrenchB
75
24 Nova Scotia
NS
Halifax
HalifaxC
01867-07-01July 1, 1867
921,727
53,338
1,946
55,284
EnglishD
11
10 New Brunswick
NB
Fredericton
Saint John
01867-07-01July 1, 1867
751,171
71,450
1,458
72,908
EnglishE
FrenchE
10
10 Manitoba
MB
Winnipeg
Winnipeg
01870-07-15July 15, 1870
1,208,268
553,556
94,241
647,797
EnglishA, F
14
6 British Columbia
BC
Victoria
Vancouver
01871-07-20July 20, 1871
4,400,057
925,186
19,549
944,735
EnglishA
36
6 Prince Edward Island
PE
Charlottetown
Charlottetown
01873-07-01July 1, 1873
140,204
5,660
0
5,660
EnglishA
4
4 Saskatchewan
SK
Regina
Saskatoon
01905-09-01September 1, 1905
1,033,381
591,670
59,366
651,036
EnglishA
14
6 Alberta
AB
Edmonton
Calgary
01905-09-01September 1, 1905
3,645,257
642,317
19,531
661,848
EnglishA
28
6 Newfoundland and Labrador
NL
St. John's
St. John's
01949-03-31March 31, 1949
514,536
373,872
31,340
405,212
EnglishA
7
6
Notes:
A.^ De facto; French has limited constitutional status
B.^ Charter of the French Language; English has limited constitutional status
C.^ Nova Scotia dissolved cities in 1996, in favour of regional municipalities
D.^ Nova Scotia has a very few bilingual statutes (three in English and French; one in English and Polish); some Government bodies have legislated names in both English and French
E.^ Section Sixteen of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
F.^ Manitoba Act
Prior to Confederation, Ontario and Quebec formed the Province of Canada.
British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island were separate colonies before joining Canada.
Manitoba was created simultaneously with the Northwest Territories.
Saskatchewan and Alberta were created out of land that had been part of the Northwest Territories.
Newfoundland was an independent Dominion within the British Commonwealth prior to joining Polo Ralph Lauren Canada. British legislation transferred Labrador from Lower Canada to Newfoundland in 1809, but the location of the Labrador boundary was disputed until 1927. The official name of the province changed from Newfoundland to Newfoundland and Labrador by constitutional amendment on December 6, 2001.
With the exception of Fredericton, the provincial capitals are all either the largest or second-largest cities chaussure ralph lauren in their respective provinces (Fredericton is the third largest city in New Brunswick after Moncton and Saint John).
[edit] Provincial capitals
Legislative Assembly of Alberta
Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
Legislative Assembly of Manitoba
Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
Nova Scotia House polo ralph lauren pas cher of Assembly
Legislative Assembly of Ontario
Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island
National Assembly of Quebec
Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan
[edit] Territories
There are currently three territories in Canada. Unlike the provinces, the territories of Canada have no inherent jurisdiction and have only those powers delegated to them by the federal government.[2][3][4] They include all of mainland Canada north of latitude 60¡ã north and west of Hudson Bay, as well as all islands north of the Canadian mainland (from those in James Bay to the Canadian Arctic islands). The following table lists the territories in order of precedence (each province has precedence over all the territories, regardless of the date each territory was created).
Territories of Canada Flag
Arms
Territory
Postal
abbreviation
Capital and largest city
Entered Confederation
Population
(May?2011)
Area: land (km2)
Area: water (km2)
Area: total (km2)
Official language(s)
Federal Parliament: Commons seats
Federal Parliament: Senate seats Northwest Territories
NT
Yellowknife
01870-07-15July 15, 1870
41,462
1,183,085
163,021
1,346,106
Chipewyan, Cree, English, French, Gwich¡¯in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey, T??ch?[5]
1
1 Yukon
YT
Whitehorse
01898-06-13June 13, 1898
33,897
474,391
8,052
482,443
English
French
1
1 Nunavut
NU
Iqaluit
01999-04-01April 1, 1999
31,906
1,936,113
157,077
2,093,190
Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut,
English, French
1
1
Note: Nunavut and Yukon were both formed from former portions of the Northwest Territories.
[edit] Territorial capitals
Yukon Legislative Assembly
Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories
Legislative Assembly of Nunavut
[edit] History
Main articles: History of Canada and Territorial evolution of Canada
See also: Former colonies and territories in Canada CANADA TIMELINE: Evolution of the borders and the names of Canada's Provinces and Territories 1905 Provinces and territories of Canada coat of arms postcard
Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia are the original provinces, formed when British North American colonies federated on July 1, 1867, into the Dominion of Canada and by stages began accruing the indicia of sovereignty from the United Kingdom. Ontario and Quebec were united before Confederation as the Province of Canada. Over the following six years, Manitoba, British Columbia, and Prince Edward Island were added as provinces.
The Hudson's Bay Company maintained control of large swathes of western Canada until 1870, when it turned over the land to the Government of Canada, forming part of the Northwest Territories. Manitoba and the Northwest Territories were created in 1870 from Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory. At the time, the land comprising the Northwest Territories was all of current northern and western Canada, including the northern two thirds of Ontario and Quebec, with exception of the Arctic Islands, British Columbia and a small portion of southern Manitoba. On September 1, 1905, a portion of the Northwest Territories south of the 60¡ã parallel became the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. In 1912, the boundaries of Quebec, Ontario and Manitoba were expanded northward: Manitoba's to the 60¡ã parallel, Ontario's to Hudson Bay and Quebec's to encompass the District of Ungava.[6]
In 1869, the people of Newfoundland voted to remain a British colony over concerns that central Canada would dominate taxation and economic policy. In 1907, Newfoundland acquired dominion status. In 1933, facing national bankruptcy, the legislature turned over political control to the Commission of Government. Following World War II, in a 1948 referendum, a narrow majority of Newfoundland citizens voted to join Confederation and, on March 31, 1949, Newfoundland became Canada's tenth and final province. In 2001 it was officially renamed Newfoundland and Labrador.
In 1903, the Alaska Panhandle Dispute fixed British Columbia's northwestern boundary. This was one of only two provinces in Canadian history to have its size reduced. The second, in 1927, Polo Ralph Lauren Homme occurred when a boundary dispute between Canada and the Dominion of Newfoundland saw Labrador increased at Quebec's expense.
In 1999, Nunavut was created from the eastern portion of the Northwest Territories. Yukon lies in the western portion of The North, while Nunavut is in the east.
All three territories combined are the most sparsely populated region in Canada with about 100,000 people spread across a huge area. They are often referred to as a single region, The North, for organisational purposes. The District of Keewatin was created as a separate territory from 1876 to 1905, after which, as the Keewatin Region, it became an administration district of the Northwest Territories. In 1999, it was dissolved when it became part of Nunavut.
In late 2004, Prime Minister Paul Martin surprised some observers by expressing his personal support for all three territories gaining provincial status "eventually". He cited their importance to the country as a whole and the ongoing need to assert sovereignty in the Arctic, particularly as global warming could make that region more open to exploitation.[7]
[edit] Government
Main article: Canadian federalism
See also: Monarchy in the Canadian provinces?and Office-holders of Canada
Theoretically, provinces have a great deal of power relative to the federal government, with jurisdiction over many public goods such as health care, education, welfare, and intra-provincial transportation. They receive "transfer payments" from the federal government to pay for these, as well as exacting their own taxes. In practice, however, the federal government can use these transfer payments to influence these provincial areas. For instance in order to receive healthcare funding under medicare, provinces must agree to meet certain federal mandates, such as universal access to required medical treatment.
Provincial and territorial legislatures have no second chamber like the Canadian Senate. Originally, most provinces did have such bodies, known as legislative councils, but these were subsequently abolished, Quebec's being the last in 1968. In most provinces, the single house of the legislature is known as the Legislative Assembly except in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador, where it is called the House of Assembly, and Quebec where it is generally called the National Assembly. Ontario has a Legislative Assembly but its members are called Members of the Provincial Parliament or MPPs. The legislative assemblies use a procedure similar to that of the Canadian House of Commons. The head of government of each province, called the premier, is generally the head of the party with the most seats. This is also the case in Yukon, but the Northwest Territories and Nunavut have no political parties at the territorial level. The Queen's representative to each province is the Lieutenant Governor. In each of the territories there is an analogous Commissioner, but he or she represents the federal government and not the monarch per se.
Federal, Provincial, and Territorial terminology compared Canada
Governor General
Prime Minister
Parliament
Parliamentarian Senate
House of Commons
Senator
Member of Parliament Ontario
Lieutenant-Governor
Premier
n/a*
Legislative Assembly
n/a
Member of short ralph lauren the Provincial Parliament (MPP) Quebec
National Assembly
Member of the National Assembly (MNA) Newfoundland
and Labrador
House of Assembly
Member of the House of Assembly (MHA) Nova Scotia
Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) Other provinces
Legislative Assembly Territories
Commissioner *Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Manitoba, Newfoundland, and Prince Edward Island historically had Legislative Councils, analogous to the federal Senate.
Each of the territories elects one Member of Parliament. Canadian territories are each entitled to elect one full voting representative to the Canadian House of Commons. With the sole exception of Prince Edward Island having slightly greater per capita representation than the Northwest Territories, every territory has considerably greater per capita representation in the Commons than every other province. Residents of the Canadian territories are full citizens and enjoy the same rights as all other Canadians. Each territory also has one Senator.
[edit] Provincial parties
Most provinces have provincial counterparts to the three national federal parties. However, some provincial parties are not formally linked to the federal parties that share the same name. The New Democratic Party is the only party that has integrated Ralph Lauren Pas cher membership between the provincial and federal wings. Some provinces have regional political parties, such as the Saskatchewan Party.
The provincial political climate of Quebec is quite different: the main split is between sovereignty, represented by the Parti Qu¨¦b¨¦cois, and federalism, represented primarily by the Quebec Liberal Party. From March 2007 to December 2008, the Official Opposition was the Action d¨¦mocratique du Qu¨¦bec, which advocates what it calls "autonomy", a middle-of-the-road option supporting localized power in the federal structure. They have no corresponding federal party, but polls show their base to align with the federal Conservative Party of Canada.
The provincial Progressive Conservative parties are also now separate from the federal Conservative Party, which resulted from a merger between the Progressive Conservatives and the Canadian Alliance. In British Columbia, the Liberal Party separated from the federal Liberal Party and is now an independent entity.
Current provincial/territorial governments (2012) Province
Lieutenant-governor/
commissioner
Premier
Party in government
Majority/Minority Ontario
David Onley
Dalton McGuinty
Ontario Liberal Party
Minority Quebec
Pierre Duchesne
Jean Charest
Quebec Liberal Party
Majority Nova Scotia
John James Grant
Darrell Dexter
Nova Scotia New Democratic Party
Majority New Brunswick
Graydon Nicholas
David Alward
New Brunswick Progressive Conservative Party
Majority Manitoba
Philip S. Lee
Greg Selinger
New Democratic Party of Manitoba
Majority British Columbia
Steven Point
Christy Clark
British Columbia Liberal Party
Majority Prince Edward Island
Frank Lewis
Robert Ghiz
Prince Edward Island Liberal Party
Majority Saskatchewan
Vaughn Solomon Schofield
Brad Wall
Saskatchewan Party
Majority Alberta
Donald Ethell
Alison Redford
Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta
Majority Newfoundland & Labrador
John Crosbie
Kathy Dunderdale
Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador
Majority Northwest Territories
George Tuccaro
Bob McLeod
Consensus government
None Yukon
Doug Phillips
Darrell Pasloski
Yukon Party
Majority Nunavut
Edna Elias
Eva Aariak
Consensus government
None [edit] Other
The Canadian National Vimy Memorial, near Vimy, Pas-de-Calais d¨¦partement, France, is ceremonially considered Canadian territory. In 1922 the French government donated "freely, and for all time, to the Government of Canada the free use of the land exempt from all taxes".[8] However, it does not enjoy extraterritorial status and is thus subject to French law.
In the past, there has Ralph Lauren been interest in both Canada and the Turks and Caicos Islands, an overseas UK territory in the Caribbean, for the latter to enter Confederation in some capacity. While no official negotiations are underway, the two have a long-standing relationship and politicians on both sides have actively explored the circumstances under which a political union could be achieved.[9]
[edit] See also Canada portal Ontario portal Quebec portal Nova Scotia portal New Brunswick portal Manitoba portal British Columbia portal Prince Edward Island portal Saskatchewan portal Alberta portal Newfoundland and Labrador portal Northwest Territories portal Yukon portal Nunavut portal Canadian provincial name etymologies
List of areas disputed by Canada and the United States
List polo ralph lauren of Canada-related topics by provinces and territories
List of Canadian provinces and territories by gross domestic product
List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names#Canadian provinces and territories
Northwest Passage international waters dispute
Proposed provinces and territories of Canada
Territorial claims in the Arctic Book: Canada Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.
[edit] References ^ "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, 2011 and 2006 censuses". Statcan.gc.ca. 2012-02-08. http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensem ... 1&S=50&O=A. Retrieved 2012-02-08.?
^ Department of Justice Canada (1985). "Northwest Territories Act". http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/N-27/252179.html. Retrieved 2007-01-27.?
^ Department of Justice Canada (2002). "Yukon Act". http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/Y-2.01/265655.html. Retrieved 2007-01-27.?
^ Department of Justice Canada (1993). "Nunavut Act". http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/N-28.6/index.html. Retrieved 2007-01-27.?
^ Northwest Territories Official Languages Act, 1988 (as amended 1988, 1991-1992, 2003)
^ Atlas of Canada. "Territorial evolution". http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/m ... ion/1912/1. Retrieved 2007-01-27.?
^ CBC News (November 23, 2004). "Northern territories 'eventually' to be given provincial status". http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2004/11/ ... 41122.html. Retrieved 2007-01-27.?
^ "Design and Construction of the Vimy Ridge Memorial". Veteran Affairs Canada. August 8, 1998. http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub. ... memory#one. Retrieved 2007-07-20.?
^ CBC News. "Canada's Caribbean ambition". http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/turksandcaicos/. Retrieved 2007-01-27.? [edit] Further reading
Main article: Bibliography of Canadian provinces and territories Christopher Moore; Bill Slavin; Janet Lunn (2002). The Big Book of Canada: Exploring the Provinces and Territories. Random House Digital, Inc. ISBN?978-0-88776-457-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=0Dmi_sb_ufgC&pg=PA1.?
Statistics Canada (October 27, 2010). Canada Year Book. Ottawa: Federal Publications (Queen of Canada). Catalogue no 11-402-XPE. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/11-402-x/1 ... 0-eng.htm.? [edit] External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Provinces and territories of Canada Provinces and Territories - Government of Canada
Going to Canada: Canada's provinces and territories - Government of Canada
Canadian Governments Compared v
t
e Politics of the provinces and territories of Canada This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Canada ?
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